Quantum correlations of tripartite mixed states in the black hole quantum atmosphere

This paper investigates how the black hole quantum atmosphere—a region extending beyond the event horizon—influences the quantum information properties of a tripartite mixed state. The authors model the system using a generalized GHZ state mixed with white noise and incorporate the Hartle-Hawking local temperature into the Bogoliubov coefficients. This approach allows them to quantify how the local Hawking effect reshapes quantum state texture, genuine multipartite entanglement, and tripartite nonlocality across both physically accessible and inaccessible regions of the spacetime.

The researchers find that the local Hawking effect does not uniformly degrade quantum resources but rather redistributes them. Specifically, the extrema for all three investigated quantities (texture, entanglement, and nonlocality) occur in the same near-horizon region, which coincides with the peak of the local Hawking temperature. As the local Hawking temperature increases, these extremal points shift further from the event horizon. A key distinction is identified: while genuine multipartite entanglement is redistributed between accessible and inaccessible regions, tripartite nonlocality is found to be significantly more fragile and is suppressed more severely under stronger local Hawking effects.

Understanding the spatial distribution of quantum correlations in curved spacetime is critical for bridging quantum information theory and general relativity. By showing that different quantum resources respond to the black hole atmosphere in a unified, spatially dependent manner, this research provides a clearer picture of how Hawking radiation affects the structure of quantum information. These insights are essential for future studies on quantum communication and information processing in the vicinity of black holes.