ManyFold: A Design Exploration of Data Visualization on Foldable Mobile Devices

Research Motivation

As foldable mobile devices become more diverse, they offer new physical form factors that move beyond the traditional flat, rectangular screen. While these devices are increasingly common, there is little guidance on how to effectively design data visualizations that leverage their unique physical properties—such as hinges, multiple panels, and the ability to change shape. This paper addresses this gap by establishing a foundational design space and a conceptual framework for visualizing data on foldables.

Design Space and Framework

To structure the design of foldable visualizations, the authors propose a two-part approach:

1. Device-Centered Design Space: A taxonomy of physical and usage properties, including panel shapes, hinge mechanics, and device topology. This helps designers categorize the physical constraints and capabilities of different foldable hardware.

2. Conceptual Framework: A set of four perspectives for visualization design:

   • More Displays: Distributing multiple coordinated views across different panels to expand the available workspace.
   • More Shapes: Mapping visual elements to the physical geometry of the device (e.g., using angled panels for 3D views or focus+context techniques).
   • More Interactions: Using folding gestures as a primary input modality for data exploration, such as folding to filter or drill down into data.
   • More States: Creating responsive visualizations that automatically adapt their layout or density based on the current fold state (e.g., transitioning from a compact summary to a detailed view as the device unfolds).

Prototyping and Reflection

The authors validated these concepts through an ideation workshop with students and the development of interactive prototypes. These activities helped bridge the gap between abstract concepts and tangible user experiences. The study highlights that while foldables offer significant potential for data-heavy tasks, designers must account for challenges like bezel interference, hinge friction, and the physical ergonomics of holding non-planar devices.